Le Monde puzzle [#818]

(This article was originally published at Xi'an's Og » R, and syndicated at StatsBlogs.)

The current puzzle is as follows:

Define the symmetric of an integer as the integer obtained by inverting the order of its digits, eg 4321 is the symmetric of 1234. What are the numbers for which the square is equal to the symmetric of the square of the symmetric?

I first consulted stackexchange to find a convenient R function to create the symmetric:

int2digit=function(x){
as.numeric(sapply(sequence(nchar(x)),
  function(y) substr(x, y, y)))}

digit2int=function(a){
as.numeric(paste(a,collapse=""))}

flip=function(x){
  digit2int(rev(int2digit(x)))}

and then found that all integers but the multiples of 10 are symmetric! only some integers involving 1,2,3 and sometimes zero would work:

> for (i in 1:1000){
+   if (i^2==flip(flip(i)^2)) print(i)}
[1] 1
[1] 2
[1] 3
[1] 11
[1] 12
[1] 13
[1] 21
[1] 22
[1] 31
[1] 101
[1] 102
[1] 103
[1] 111
[1] 112
[1] 113
[1] 121
[1] 122
[1] 201
[1] 202
[1] 211
[1] 212
[1] 221
[1] 301
[1] 311

If I am not (again) confused, the symmetric integers would be those (a) not ending with zero and (b) only involving digits whose products are all less than 10.

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Tags: books, digits, Kids, Le Monde, mathematical puzzle, number theory, R